[ Robert J. Sternberg and Karin Sternberg (2010), The Psychologist’s Companion: A Guide to Writing Scientific Papers for Students and Researchers, Fifth Edition (Cambridge University Press), pp. 118-140. ]
6.1 Content Guidelines
6.2 Style Guidelines
6.3 Language and Grammar Guidelines
6.1 Content Guidelines
118-119
1. State clearly the problem you are addressing, and then organize the article around the problem.
2. Start strong.
3. Make clear up front what the new and valuable contribution of your article is, and make sure you are right.
4. Tell readers why they should be interested.
5. Make sure the article does what it says it will do.
6. Make sure that the literature review is focused, reasonably complete, and balanced.
7. Make clear how your work builds on that of others
8. Check your data analyses and interpretations.
9. Always explain what your results mean – don’t force the reader to decipher them.
10. Make sure that your conclusions follow from your data.
11. Make clear what the limitations of your work are.
12. Be sure to consider alternative interpretations of the data.
13. End strongly and state a clear take-home message
6.2 Style Guidelines
124
1. Your paper should interest, inform, and persuade your readers.
2. Place yourself in the background.
3. Write for your readers.
4. Emphasize logical flow and organization.
5. Be creative, and give concrete examples.
6. Write sentences that are clear, readable, and concise.
7. Prefer simpler to more complicated sentences.
8. Use summary statements.
9. Use transitions.
10. Avoid digressions.
11. Don’t overexplain.
12. Don’t assume that people will know what you mean or be familiar with abbreviations or jargon.
13. Write for a somewhat broader and technically less skilled audience than you expect to read the article.
14. Avoid overstatement.
15. Eliminate unnecessary redundancy.
16. Don’t bother to say that your results are “interesting” or “important.”
17. Cite sources as well as findings.
18. Don’t end your article by saying, “More research is needed.”
19. Proofread your paper.
20. Request a critical reading of your paper from an adviser or colleague.
6.3 Language and Grammar Guidelines
134
1. Use the precise word.
2. Prefer simpler to more complicated words.
3. Use concrete words and examples.
4. Use the active voice.
5. Prefer affirmative to negative constructions.
6. Avoid unnecessary qualifiers.
7. Avoid dangling constructions.
8. Avoid participles without referents.
9. Avoid pronouns without antecedents.
10. Avoid use of the indefinite this.
11. Avoid split infinitives.
12. Avoid gender-biased language
(2021.10.29.)
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